Cannabis-Related Research on Spinal Cord Injuries
Adhikary, S., Li, H., Heller, J., Skarica, M., Zhang, M., Ganea, D., and Tuma, R.F. (2011). Modulation of Inflammatory Responses by a Cannabinoid-2–Selective Agonist after Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 28(12), 2417–2427. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235339/.
Arevalo-Martin, A., Garcia-Ovejero, D., and Molina-Holgado, E. (2010, May). The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol reduces lesion expansion and white matter damage after spinal cord injury. Neurobiology of Disease, 38(2), 304-12. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996110000409.
Arevalo-Martin, A., Garcia-Ovejero, D., Sierra, Palomares, Y., Paniagua-Torija, B., Gonzalez-Gil, I., Oretega-Gutierrez, S. and Molina-Holgado, E. (2012). Early endogenous activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors after spinal cord injury is a protective response involved in spontaneous recovery. PLos One, 7(11), e49057. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3496738/.
Arevalo-Martin, A., Molina-Holgado, E., and Garcia-Ovejero, D. (2016, January 4). Cannabinoids to treat spinal cord injury. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 64, 190-9. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278584615000573.
Baker, D., Pryce, G., Croxford, J.L., Brown, P., Pertwee, R.G., Huffman, J.W., and Layward, L. (2000, March 2). Cannabinoids control spasticity and tremor in a multiple sclerosis model. Nature, 404(6773), 84-7. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/35003583
Baty, D.E., Zhang, M., Li, H., Erb, C.J., Adler, M.W., Ganea, D., Loftus, C.M., Jallo, J.I., and Tuma, R.F. (2008). Cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation attenuates motor and autonomic function deficits in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Clinical Neurosurgery, 55, 172-7. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/neurosurgery/Citation/2007/07000/Cannabinoid_CB2_Receptor_Activation_Attenuates.192.aspx.
Borgelt, L.M., Franson, K.L., Nussbaum, A.M., and Wang, G.S. (2013, February). The pharmacologic and clinical effects of medical cannabis. Pharmacotherapy, 33(2), 195-209. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/phar.1187/full.
Cardenas, D.D., and Jensen, M.P. (2006). Treatments for chronic pain in persons with spinal cord injury: A survey study. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 29(2), 109-17. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1864800/.
Heutink, M., Post, M.W., Wollaars, M.M., and van Asbeck, F.W. (2011). Chronic spinal cord injury pain: pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments and treatment effectiveness. Disability and Rehabilitation, 33(5), 433-40. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/09638288.2010.498557?needAccess=true.
Hong, J., Nandiwada, V., Jones, V., Lu, M., Warner, D.S., Mukhopadhyay, S., and Sheng, H. (2015, June 15). CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonist inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity in spinal cord injury: A possible mechanism of improved recovery. Neuroscience Letters, 597, 19-24. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304394015002979.
Latini, L., Bisicchia, E., Sasso, V., Chiurchiu, V., Cavallucci, V., Molinari, M., Maccarrone, M., and Viscomi, M.T. (2014, September 4). Cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R). stimulation delays rubrospinal mitochondrial-dependent degeneration and improves functional recovery after spinal cord hemisection by ERK1/2 inactivation. Cell Death & Disease, e1404. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4540196/.
NINDS Spinal Cord Injury Information Page. (2015, July 27). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Retrieved from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/sci/sci.htm.
Spinal cord injury. (2014, October 8). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-injury/basics/definition/con-20023837.
Warms, C.A., Turner, J.A., Marshall, H.M., and Caredenas, D.D. (2002, May-June). Treatments for chronic pain associated with spinal cord injuries: many are tried, few are helpful. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 18(3), 154-63. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/clinicalpain/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2002&issue=05000&article=00004&type=abstract.
Wilsey, B., Marcotte, T.D., Deutsch, R., Gouaux, B., Sakai, S., and Donaghe, H. (2003, February). Low dose vaporized cannabis significantly improves neuropathic pain. Journal of Pain, 14(2), 136-148. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566631/.
Wilsey, B., Marcotte, T.D., Deutsch, R., Zhao, H., Prasad, H., and Phan, A. (2016) An Exploratory Human Laboratory Experiment Evaluating Vaporized Cannabis in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain from Spinal Cord Injury and Disease. Journal of Pain, doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2016.05.010. Retrieved from http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(16)30072-4/fulltext.